Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Instruments

Enterprises Laboratory Manufacturing reinvented diffusion cell apparatus is used to study of trans-dermal properties of pharmaceutical substances in the pharmacy colleges, medical research institutes and pharmaceutical industries. Having 6â??stages & 8-stages, user can drive each stirrer stage at different RPM from 50 RPM to 950 RPM, diffusion cell apparatus provided with water circulation system to maintain uniform temperature throughout all diffusion cells, water circulation system consists of water circulation pump which circulate water to all diffusion cells, and get back to maintain temperature.

A tissue healing tensiometer is used in medical and pharmaceutical research to measure the mechanical properties of healing tissues, such as tensile strength and elasticity. It assesses the progress and quality of tissue repair by applying controlled force and measuring the response of the tissue. This information is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, wound healing products, and surgical techniques, ensuring that tissues regain their original strength and functionality post-injury or surgery.

The shuttle box, also known as the shuttle avoidance box or active avoidance box, is an apparatus used in behavioral research with rats and mice to study learning, memory, anxiety, and the effects of various pharmacological agents. Here are the primary uses and applications of the shuttle box in pharmaceutical research: Learning and Memory Studies: Active Avoidance Learning: In the shuttle box, rodents learn to avoid an aversive stimulus, such as a mild electric shock, by moving from one compartment to another when a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a light or sound) is presented. The number of successful avoidances and the latency to avoid the shock are measured to assess the animal's learning and memory capabilities. Passive Avoidance Learning: In a variation of the test, the animal learns to avoid entering a compartment where it previously received a shock. This helps in studying memory retention and the effects of drugs on memory consolidation and retrieval. Testing Cognitive Enhancers and Impairments: The shuttle box is used to evaluate the effects of cognitive enhancers, such as nootropic drugs, on learning and memory. Improvements in avoidance behavior suggest enhanced cognitive function. Conversely, it is also used to study cognitive impairments induced by various factors such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, or drug treatments, providing insights into mechanisms of cognitive decline and potential therapeutic interventions. Anxiety and Stress Research: The shuttle box can be used to assess anxiety and stress responses. The latency to move between compartments and the overall activity can indicate the animal's anxiety levels. Pharmacological agents that reduce anxiety typically decrease the latency and increase exploratory behavior. Pharmacological Testing: Researchers use the shuttle box to test the effects of various pharmacological agents, including anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and cognitive enhancers. By observing changes in avoidance behavior, researchers can infer the efficacy and potential side effects of these drugs. Dose-response studies can be conducted to determine the optimal dosage and efficacy of drugs. Mechanistic Studies: The shuttle box helps in investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying learning, memory, anxiety, and stress. By using specific pharmacological agents or genetic manipulations, researchers can study the role of different neurotransmitter systems (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, glutamate) and brain regions in these processes. Behavioral Phenotyping: It is used for behavioral phenotyping of genetically modified rodents. By comparing the performance of wild-type and genetically altered animals in the shuttle box, researchers can identify genes that play a critical role in cognitive and emotional behaviors. Validation of Animal Models: The shuttle box is employed to validate animal models of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Demonstrating that certain genetic or environmental manipulations result in altered avoidance behavior helps establish these models for studying human diseases and testing potential treatments.

Digital Tablet Coating Macnihe For Smal Laboratory Scale Capacity: 1 Kg

Digital Student Physiograph with High resolution colored TFT Display Student Physiograph is used or the recording of Bio-electrical potentials, E.g. EEG, ECG, ENG, EMG, Pulse, Respiration, Blood pressure ETC, IT is made of light metal for compactness and lightness. Its performance is outstanding due to adoption of integrated circuits. Features: 1. Indigenous digital physiograph with time and event channel, 2. Compact light weight and easy to operate by a beginner, 3. Standalone unit having coloured TFT display for displaying online & offline recording data, 4. System has six couplers fitted in a single unit easy to carry, 5. System has eight transducers (Force, Pressure, Volume, Respiration, Temperature, Pulse, Respiration Belt, & Isotonic), 6. Facility to store Recording data and review the same on TFT, 7. Interface to the Computer- through USB, 8. System provided with software to review and print the recorded data from PC, Couplers: To record different parameters the standard range of coupler is as follows, Bio-potential coupler: for recording all AC phenomena like ECG, EMG, ENG, EEG etc. It is supplied with 3 pin junction box, EEG-EMG electrodes and paste etc. Straingage coupler: It is used to record muscle activity force, effect of drug on heart activity, blood pressure from cannulated animal, volume changes etc. Pulse â?? Respiration coupler: It is used to recording pulse or respiratory activity using pulse respiration belt or respiration transducer. Isotonic coupler: It is used to record isotonic fine movement transducer one can perform experiment on Isolated uterus and Isolated intestine. EKG coupler: It is used to record clinical ECG. It is supplied with 5 pin junction box, limb & chest electrodes and jelly. Temperature coupler: It is used to record internal or surface temperature. Transducers: A transducer is a device which converts one form of physical energy in to electrical energy or vice versa. To record parameters which are not available in electrical form e.g. pulse, respiration, temperature, phono cardiogramme etc., one needs to use appropriate transducer. Technical Specifications: No. of channels: 1, 2, & 3. Display & Size: Coloured TFT- 15.5x9.5 cm. Channel width: 80 mm. A/D conversion: 16-bit A/D. Sensitivity: 50, 100, 200, 500 uv/cm & 0.5, .1, .2, .5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 div/ sec. Data sampling frequency: > 256 Hz. Notch Filter: 50-60 Hz. Input Impendence: > 1mega Ohm. CMRR: > 80-85 db. Standard Accessories: ECG electrodes: 1 Set of 4 Nos. EEG electrodes: 10 Nos. Bio-potential junction box: 1 No. EMG disc electrodes: 1 set of 10 Nos. Ground electrodes: 1 No. EEG Paste: 1 Jar. ECG Jelly: 1 Bottle Operating Manual: 1 No.

Milton Enterprises introduces digital kymograph having user friendly, gear free, maintenance free operated and controlled on low voltage by microcontroller, user can change base line and drug contact time as their requirement or desired experimental, no needed to stop rotating drum manually it will stop automatically after finished the baseline here user can change / fill ringer solution and just press continue key, rotating drum will continue in mention manner same procedure will continue after drug contact time after giving / injecting drug during experiment in pharmacy colleges, medical colleges, and research institutes.

digital plethysmometer can indeed be used to measure paw edema in laboratory animals, particularly rodents. Paw edema refers to swelling in the paw, often induced in research settings to study inflammation and test the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs. The plethysmometer measures the increase in paw volume due to edema by quantifying changes in the displacement of liquid within a chamber or by using other similar principles. This provides researchers with quantitative data on the extent of edema and helps assess the effectiveness of various treatments or interventions.

Electroconvulsometer is an instrument used in pharmacology and neuroscience research to induce and measure convulsions (seizures) in animal models. This device is primarily used in the study of epilepsy, seizure thresholds, and the efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs. Key Uses of an Electroconvulsometer: Seizure Induction: The device delivers controlled electrical stimuli to animals, typically rodents, to induce seizures. This is crucial for testing the efficacy of potential anticonvulsant medications. Measurement of Seizure Activity: By recording the onset, duration, and intensity of seizures, researchers can evaluate the pharmacological effects of different substances on seizure activity. Threshold Determination: It helps determine the seizure threshold the minimum electrical stimulus required to induce a seizure. Changes in the seizure threshold can indicate the effectiveness of anticonvulsant treatments. Components of an Electroconvulsometer: Electrodes: Placed on the animal to deliver electrical pulses. Stimulus Controller: Regulates the intensity, duration, and frequency of the electrical stimulus. Recording System: Monitors and records the physiological responses, such as muscle contractions and brain activity. Applications: Anticonvulsant Drug Testing: Evaluating new drugs for their ability to prevent or reduce the severity of seizures. Epilepsy Research: Understanding the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures and testing potential therapeutic interventions. Neuropharmacology: Studying the effects of various pharmacological agents on brain function and seizure activity.

Hepa Filter for IVC-Individually Ventilated Cage systems, as per customise also

Milton Enterprises introduces advanced tablet hardness tester, which having three kind of unit to display result as per select by user as Kg / Ib / N, battery backup facility provided to avoid interruption in experiment due to electricity failure, without peak and auto peak facility has provided to get break point of tablet automatically, dual sided screen resolution provided to comfort to see from front end and back end to user, in addition to all these features Laboratory enterprises provides PC connectivity but it is optional by this facility user can configure instrument as their desire and walk out for another task . Features : Battery backup facility. Reading will be measure in Kg / Ib & N units which is select by user at the time of operation. Capacity: 100Kg. Tablet Size: 2 mm to 30 mm. Readability: 0.1Kg. Accuracy: +/- 0.5%. Overload Capacity: 120%. Optional : PC connectivity Software. Save reading automatic. Save graph in jpg/png format. Reading can get in excel Sheet also.

An ultra probe sonicator is widely used in pharmaceutical laboratories for various applications, including: Homogenization: Breaking down particle sizes to create uniform mixtures. Cell Disruption: Lysing cells to extract intracellular contents. Emulsification: Creating stable emulsions of immiscible liquids. Dispersion: Distributing nanoparticles evenly in suspensions. Degassing: Removing dissolved gases from liquids. These processes are crucial for the preparation and formulation of pharmaceutical products, ensuring consistency, efficacy, and quality of the final products.

A student physiograph, also known as a kymograph or physiological recording system, is a laboratory instrument used in physiology and biomedical research to record and analyze physiological signals and responses. Here's how it's used: Recording Physiological Signals: A student physiograph records various physiological signals such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, muscle contractions, and electrical activity of the heart (ECG) or brain (EEG). These signals are typically measured using sensors or transducers that convert physiological phenomena into electrical signals. Experimental Setup: Researchers set up experiments by attaching sensors or electrodes to the subject (e.g., human, animal, or tissue preparation) to measure specific physiological parameters. The signals from these sensors are then transmitted to the physiograph for recording and analysis. Data Visualization: The physiograph records physiological signals over time, displaying them graphically on a rotating drum or digital screen. This allows researchers to visualize and analyze changes in physiological parameters in response to experimental manipulations, interventions, or stimuli. Data Analysis: Physiological recordings obtained from the student physiograph can be analyzed to extract various parameters such as amplitude, frequency, duration, and latency of physiological responses. This data analysis helps researchers quantify and interpret the physiological effects of experimental conditions or treatments. Teaching Tool: Student physiographs are commonly used in educational settings, such as undergraduate physiology or biomedical science laboratories, to teach students fundamental principles of physiological measurement, experimental design, and data analysis. Students learn how to set up experiments, record physiological signals, and interpret the results. Research Applications: In research laboratories, student physiographs are used for conducting experiments to investigate physiological mechanisms, pathophysiology of disease, effects of drugs or interventions, and responses to environmental stimuli. They are valuable tools for generating data that contributes to scientific understanding and medical advancements. Demonstration of Biological Concepts: Physiographs can also be used for demonstration purposes in public outreach events or scientific presentations. By recording and displaying physiological responses in real-time, researchers can illustrate biological concepts and engage audiences in understanding the complexity of living systems.

Isolated Organ Bath An isolated organ bath is an apparatus used to study the function of an isolated organ or tissue sample in a controlled environment. This setup allows for precise control over the experimental conditions, such as temperature, oxygenation, and the addition of drugs. Components and Function: Organ Chamber: A glass or plastic bath that holds the isolated tissue or organ. It is filled with a physiological solution that mimics the body's internal environment. Aeration System: Provides oxygen to keep the tissue alive and functional. Heating System: Maintains the physiological solution at a constant, appropriate temperature. Force Transducer: Measures the contractions or responses of the tissue and converts them into electrical signals. Recording System: Captures the data from the force transducer, often interfaced with a computer for analysis. Uses in Pharmacology: Drug Response Testing: By adding different drugs to the bath, researchers can study their direct effects on the tissue, such as contractions in smooth muscle or changes in vascular tone. Mechanistic Studies: Helps in understanding the mechanisms of drug action, receptor activity, and signaling pathways within tissues. Applications Both the kymograph and the isolated organ bath are essential tools in pharmacological research. They allow scientists to: Investigate the direct effects of drugs on isolated tissues. Analyze the physiological changes induced by pharmacological agents. Understand the underlying mechanisms of drug action and tissue response.

The tail flick analgesimeter is a widely used instrument in pharmaceutical research for assessing the pain threshold and analgesic (pain-relieving) efficacy of drugs in rodents, typically rats and mice. Here's how it is used and its significance in research: Assessment of Pain Sensitivity: The tail flick test measures the pain sensitivity of rodents by applying a noxious thermal stimulus to the animal's tail and recording the latency to respond by flicking or withdrawing the tail. This response is a reflexive action to avoid the painful stimulus. Testing Analgesic Drugs: The primary use of the tail flick analgesimeter is to evaluate the efficacy of analgesic compounds. By comparing the response latency before and after drug administration, researchers can determine how effectively a drug increases the pain threshold. An effective analgesic will increase the latency to tail flick, indicating reduced pain perception. Dose-Response Studies: Researchers use the tail flick test to conduct dose-response studies, which involve administering different doses of an analgesic and measuring the corresponding changes in tail flick latency. This helps determine the optimal dose and potency of the drug. Mechanistic Studies: The tail flick test can be used to investigate the mechanisms of action of analgesic drugs. By using the test in combination with receptor agonists or antagonists, or genetic modifications, researchers can study the involvement of specific neurotransmitter systems (e.g., opioid, serotonin, GABA) in mediating the drug's analgesic effects. Comparative Studies: The tail flick analgesimeter allows for comparative studies of different analgesic agents or formulations. This is important for developing new pain relief medications and determining their relative efficacy compared to existing treatments. Chronic Pain Models: The tail flick test can be adapted for use in chronic pain models to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesic drugs over longer periods. This is useful for studying the potential of drugs to treat chronic pain conditions in humans. Behavioral Phenotyping: The tail flick test is part of a suite of behavioral assays used for phenotyping genetically modified rodents. It helps in understanding how genetic alterations affect pain sensitivity and analgesic responses. Validation of Pain Models: The tail flick test is used to validate animal models of pain. By demonstrating consistent pain responses and analgesic effects, researchers can establish the reliability of their models for studying pain and developing new treatments. Procedure Overview Preparation: The rodent is typically restrained gently to minimize movement without causing stress. Application of Stimulus: A focused beam of light or a heated element is applied to a specific part of the tail. Measurement: The time taken (latency) for the rodent to flick or withdraw its tail from the heat source is recorded. Data Analysis: The latency is compared across different conditions, such as before and after drug administration, to assess changes in pain sensitivity.

A telethermometer, also known as a telethermocouple, is a type of thermometer that uses a thermocouple to measure temperature remotely. In the context of a pyrogen test, which is a test to detect fever-causing substances, a telethermometer can be used to monitor the temperature of a test solution or a biological sample from a distance. During a pyrogen test, substances are injected into the sample being tested to see if they induce a fever response. By using a telethermometer, the temperature of the sample can be continuously monitored without the need for physical contact, ensuring accurate and real-time temperature readings. This remote monitoring capability is particularly useful in maintaining the integrity of the test and minimizing the risk of contamination or interference with the sample. Additionally, it allows for greater convenience and efficiency in conducting the test, as researchers can monitor multiple samples simultaneously from a central location.